ARRT Patient Care Practice Exam

What is the term for the accidental injection of medication into the tissues around a vein?

1. Extravasation

2. Hematoma

3. Venipuncture

4. Collateral circulation

The correct answer is: Extravasation

The term for the accidental injection of medication into the tissues surrounding a vein is extravasation. This occurs when intravenous medication leaks out of the vein and into the surrounding tissue, which can potentially lead to local tissue damage or necrosis, depending on the nature of the medication. Extravasation is particularly concerning with certain chemotherapeutic agents or irritants, which can cause severe adverse effects when they contact tissues outside the vasculature. Recognizing this condition is crucial for healthcare providers, as timely intervention may be necessary to minimize tissue damage. The other terms mentioned relate to different concepts in medical practice. A hematoma refers to a localized collection of blood outside of blood vessels, typically caused by injury or trauma. Venipuncture is simply the process of puncturing a vein to withdraw blood or administer medication. Collateral circulation refers to alternative pathways of blood flow that may develop when the primary route is obstructed or narrowed. Understanding these differences highlights the importance of accurate terminology in patient care.