ARRT Patient Care Practice Exam

Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with needing a tracheostomy?

1. Asthma exacerbation

2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

3. Severe neck trauma

4. Acute bronchitis

The correct answer is: Severe neck trauma

A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening through the neck into the trachea to facilitate breathing. This procedure is often indicated in situations where there is a need for long-term ventilation support, airway clearance, or when there are obstructions preventing normal breathing through the upper airway. Severe neck trauma is commonly associated with the need for a tracheostomy because it can lead to significant compromise of the upper airway. Injuries in this region can cause swelling, bleeding, or direct trauma to the structures that maintain an open airway, making it extremely difficult or impossible for the patient to breathe effectively. In these cases, establishing a tracheostomy can provide a secure and alternative route for airflow, ensuring that the patient can breathe properly while alleviating obstruction or risk of asphyxiation. Conditions like asthma exacerbation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute bronchitis may lead to respiratory distress, but they typically do not result in the immediate need for airway intervention through tracheostomy. Instead, these conditions are often managed with medications, bronchodilators, or other non-surgical interventions aimed at improving airflow and lung function.