ARRT Patient Care Practice Exam

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Which of the following diseases is transmitted through the air?

HIV
TB
Hepatitis
Malaria

The correct answer is: TB

Tuberculosis (TB) is primarily transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or laughs, releasing tiny droplets containing the bacteria into the surrounding environment. Others can become infected by inhaling these droplets. This airborne transmission is a key characteristic of TB, making it crucial for healthcare workers to adhere to respiratory precautions when caring for patients with this disease. In contrast, the other diseases listed are not transmitted via the airborne route. HIV is typically transmitted through direct contact with certain body fluids, such as blood or sexual fluids. Hepatitis viruses can spread through contact with contaminated fluids as well, particularly blood (in the case of Hepatitis B and C) or through sexual contact. Malaria is transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes, not through the air. Understanding the modes of transmission for various diseases is vital for proper infection control practices.